Integration of environtmental sensors in smart residential buildings

Environmental sensors are used for identification, monitoring, and analysis of environmental conditions to ensure safety, sustainability, and enhance prior decision-making. They are widely used in various applications, such as, weather monitoring, air quality assessment, industrial safety, and smart cities. The major applications of such sensors are:

Climate Monitoring: Monitoring temperature, humidity, and atmospheric conditions.
Air Pollution Control: Ensuring regulatory compliance in cities and industries.
Smart Agriculture: Optimization of irrigation and soil conditions.
Disaster Prediction: Detecting floods, wildfires, and earthquakes.
Industrial Safety: Monitoring hazardous gases and radiation levels.

The different types of environmental sensors are:

1) Air Quality Sensors

Detect pollutants like CO₂, CO, NO₂, SO₂, ozone (O₃), and particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10).
Used in urban monitoring, smart homes, and industrial sites.

2) Temperature Sensors

Measure ambient temperature.
Common types: thermocouples, resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), and infrared sensors.

3) Humidity Sensors

Measure moisture levels in the air.
Used for weather forecasting, HVAC systems, and agriculture.

4) Pressure Sensors

Detect variation in atmospheric pressure.
Essential for weather forecasting and altimetry in drones and aircraft.

5) Water Quality Sensors

Monitor pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and contaminants in water.
Used in environmental conservation, wastewater treatment, and aquaculture.

6) Light Sensors

Measure ambient light intensity (e.g., UV, infrared, visible spectrum).
Used in solar energy, smart lighting, and environmental monitoring.

7) Soil Sensors

Measure soil moisture, pH, and nutrient levels.
Crucial for precision agriculture and land management.

8) Radiation Sensors

Detect radioactive particles and electromagnetic radiation.
Used in nuclear facilities, environmental safety, and space exploration.